Pakukonza njanji, ngakhale makina onse a njanji ndi mphero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zolakwika pamwamba pa njanji zachitsulo, mfundo zawo zogwirira ntchito, momwe amagwiritsira ntchito, ndi zotsatira zake zimasiyana kwambiri.
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito makina opera njanji imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito gudumu lopera{0}}lothamanga kwambiri popera pamwamba pa njanji yachitsulo, potero kuchotsa pamwamba pa oxide layer, mafunde ang'onoang'ono{1}}monga kuvala, phala la weld, dzimbiri, kapena ming'alu yaing'ono. Kuzama kwake kugaya kumakhala kozama, nthawi zambiri kumachotsa chitsulo chochepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri chimakhala pakati pa 0.1 ndi 0.3 millimita. Choncho, kugaya njanji n'koyenera kwambiri kukonza chizolowezi ndi kupewa matenda ang'onoang'ono. Njira yoperayo imatsagana ndi zonyezimira ndi fumbi lachitsulo, ndipo imapanga phokoso lalikulu. Komabe, zipangizozi ndi zotha kusintha ndiponso zoumbika, zimapezeka m'manja-zokankhidwa, zamagalimoto{9}}zokwera, kapenanso masitima apamtunda ogaya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera mayendedwe a njanji m'tauni, njanji zapansi panthaka, njanji yopepuka, ndi zina zotero.
Mosiyana ndi izi, makina opangira njanji amaphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito chodulira chodula cha carbide pokonza{0}}mtundu wa njanji. Simagaya pamwamba koma m'malo mwake 'imachotsa' njanji, ndikupangitsa kuti ithane ndi zovuta zapakatikati mpaka zowopsa monga kuvala kwa mafunde a njanji, ming'alu ya kutopa kwambiri, kusenda, ndi kupukuta. Kuzama kwa mphero kumatha kufika milimita imodzi kapena kuposerapo, ndikumadutsa-kudutsa kamodzi, kolondola kwa geometric komwe kumapangitsa kuti njanji ibwerere ku fakitale yake yoyambirira. Mpheroyo sipanga checheni, fumbi laling'ono, komanso phokoso lochepa poyerekeza ndi kugaya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kwambiri-njanji zothamanga kwambiri, mayendedwe amtundu waukulu, kapena njira zolemetsa zolemetsa{7}}zimene zimafunikira kuti njanji ikhale yolimba kwambiri.
Malinga ndi mmene malo ogwirira ntchito amagwirira ntchito, kugaya njanji n'koyeneranso kumagwira ntchito-zochitika pafupipafupi, zachangu-zochita zatsiku ndi tsiku, monga zomwe zimachitidwa ndi madipatimenti okonza njanji, oyendetsa sitima zapamtunda, kapena{2}}opereka chithandizo chamagulu ena, makamaka m'matauni omwe ali ndi zoletsa zachilengedwe komanso phokoso. Komano makina ophera njanji ndi aakulu, okwera mtengo, ndipo amatha kudulira mwamphamvu, motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokonza mokhazikika ndi mabungwe a njanji, kuchiza zovuta kwambiri, kapena kukonza njanji mwatsatanetsatane, monga{4}}kukonza mozama{5}njanji zothamanga kwambiri.
M'mawu osavuta, makina ogaya njanji ali ngati 'mankhwala osamalira khungu' a njanji, kupereka chisamaliro pafupipafupi ndikuletsa kuti zinthu zisachitike; Komano, makina opangira mphero ali ngati 'zida zopangira opaleshoni,' zopangidwira kuthana ndi zovuta zazikulu zomwe zachitika kale. Iliyonse ili ndi ntchito yake yosasinthika, ndipo pakukonza kwenikweni, nthawi zambiri zimayenderana.
